RIKĀZ (ركاز): An Exposition on Hidden Treasures
Comprehensive Definition
Rikāz (ركاز) refers to treasures buried in the earth, typically those hidden from a remote historical period. In Islamic law, it includes any form of subterranean wealth such as kanz (treasure) and maʿdin (mines). These treasures are considered subject to a zakāt (alms tax) of one-fifth (20%).
Etymology
The term “Rikāz” is derived from the Arabic root word “rakaza,” which translates to “plant firmly” or “embed.” The term historically emphasized the concept of something once concealed or stored securely, found centuries later.
Background and Cultural Context
In early Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), Rikāz was seen as notable since it often involved the unearthing of wealth that brought socio-economic changes. The Hidāyah, a classical Hanafi legal text, provides extensive guidance on this, classifying Rikāz under zakāt obligations. The Quran (~Quran 2:267~) and various hadiths also emphasize the importance of zakāt, including it on buried treasures.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
- Islamic View: Zakāt on Rikāz serves as a redistributive mechanism contributing to social welfare and reducing wealth inequality.
- Western Legal Systems: Traditionally, inherited cases consider treasure finds as historical artifacts with cultural value, often placed into state ownership or museums.
- Similarities: Both systems often ensure found treasures benefit the larger community more than individuals.
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Kanz (كنز, treasure), Maʿdin (معدن, ores/mines), Dhūb (ذُهب, gold).
- Antonyms: Faqar (فقر, poverty), Bayat (بيات, depletion).
Related Terms with Definitions
- Zakāt: Obligatory almsgiving, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, included on Rikāz finds.
- Fiqh: Islamic jurisprudence, detailing rules such as Rikāz and zakāt.
- Ḥaram (حرام): Forbidden acts, in contrast to lawful gains by Rikāz subject to strict guidelines.
- Hidāyah: A well-known Hanafi juristic text that discusses Rikāz among other zakāt regulations.
Interesting Facts
- A find of Rikāz must be immediately reported under Islamic law for zakāt calculation.
- In the time of Caliph Umar, significant treasure finds were often celebrated and allocated to public services.
- The concept bears similarities to modern “treasure trove” laws in various countries, but with the distinctly charitable focus offered by zakāt.
Quotations
- “The Prophet said: ‘In buried treasure, one-fifth is due’.” - Sahih al-Bukhari 1492
- “From the earth, to the earth, the wealth circulates bringing balance by zakāt.” - Ibn Taymiyyah, A Prominent Scholar
References and Literature
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Books:
- “Islamic Law: From Historical Foundation to Contemporary Practice” by Mashood Baderin.
- “Hidāyah” by Burhanuddin al-Marghinani, editions by Charles Hamilton.
- “Islam, Economic, and Finance” by Timur Kuran.
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Articles:
- “Rikāz in Classical Fiqh and Its Contemporary Applications” in the Journal of Islamic Law.
- “Wealth Redistributed: The Role of Zakāt in Early Islamic Society” in Islamic Economic Studies.
Reflect on the pathways of earthly wealth and its divine directive that benefits many.
Create a treasure trove of knowledge, just like Rikāz—undiscovered gem that awaits the earnest seeker.
Farewell with wisdom and thought until our next exploration.
Aisha Ahmed, 2023-10-03
