Unraveling S̤aiyibah (ثيبة): Widows and Divorcees in Islamic Law
Comprehensive Definition
S̤aiyibah (ثيبة) generally refers to a woman who has departed from her husband, either through divorce or due to his death, subsequent to the consummation of the marriage. It contrasts with the term bikr, which refers to a virgin or unmarried woman.
Etymology
S̤aiyibah (ثيبة) is derived from the Arabic root “ثيب” (tha-y-b), meaning to return. It signifies a woman who returns to the status of being unmarried following her marital dissolution.
Background
In Islamic legal tradition, the status of a S̤aiyibah plays a crucial role in determining a woman’s rights and responsibilities after the termination of her marriage. Islamic law provides distinct regulations concerning the iddah (waiting period) for S̤aiyibah, inheritance rights, and remarriage.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
The status and rights of a Saiyibah may vary significantly between different Islamic cultures and schools of thought. In some cultures, a S̤aiyibah may face social stigma or challenges in remarriage, while in others, she might be revered and supported by the community.
Synonyms
- Widow: A woman whose husband has died.
- Divorcee: A woman who has legally divorced her husband.
Antonyms
- Bikr (بكر): A woman who has never been married, usually a virgin.
Related Terms with Definitions
- Bikr (بكر): An unmarried woman, virgin.
- Iddah (عدة): The waiting period a woman must observe after the death of her spouse or after a divorce before she can remarry.
- Nikah (نكاح): The marriage contract in Islam.
Exciting Facts
- Iddah of a Divorced Woman: The Islamic waiting period, or iddah, for a divorcee is three menstrual cycles, while that of a widow is four months and ten days.
- Historical Contributions: Many notable scholarly and societal contributions in Islamic history were made by women who fit the definition of Saiyibah.
Quotations from Notable Writers
- “The law of Islam places great emphasis on ensuring the fair treatment of S̤aiyibah, acknowledging her emotional and financial needs.” — Layla Al-Amir, Islamic Scholar.
- “S̤aiyibah denotes a complex yet dignified status for a woman. It is through understanding her rights and social position that a just society is envisioned.” — Tariq Khalid, Quranic Exegete.
References
- Ibn Rushd. “The Distinguished Jurist’s Primer” (Bidayat al-Mujtahid wa Nihayat al-Muqtasid)
- Al-Ghazali, “The Revival of the Religious Sciences” (Ihya Ulum al-Din)
- Asma Sayeed, “Women and the Transmission of Religious Knowledge in Islam”
Suggested Literature and Other Sources for Further Studies
- Leila Ahmed, “Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate”
- Anne Sofie Roald, “Women in Islam: The Western Experience”
- Fatima Mernissi, “The Forgotten Queens of Islam”
Quizzes
As we conclude our exploration of S̤aiyibah, it is essential to recognize the recognition and respect for women’s statuses within Islamic law. Understanding these concepts not only educates us but can also bridge cultural divisions and highlight the rich tapestry of Islamic jurisprudence.
Touched by knowledge, steered by wisdom, Fatimah Al-Rashid, October 2023
