Sufism in America - Definition and Meaning
Definition
Sufism in America refers to the presence, practice, and cultural influence of various Sufi orders that have emerged and developed in the United States and Canada. This includes the spiritual teachings, practices, and community engagements of orders such as the Mawlawi, Nimatullahi, Khalwati-Jarrahi, Naqshibandi, Shadhili, and Qadiri.
Etymology
The term “Sufism” is derived from the Arabic word “Sufi” (صوفي), which denotes a practitioner of Tasawwuf (تَصَوُّف), the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. It is thought to be derived from “Suf”, meaning “wool,” referring to the simple, ascetic clothing worn by early practitioners.
Background and Historical Facts
The roots of Sufism can be traced back to the early Islamic era, with influential figures like Rabi’a al-Adawiyya, Al-Ghazali, and Jalal al-Din Rumi shaping its philosophies and practices. Sufi teachings focus on the themes of love, the pursuit of spiritual closeness to God, and the experiential aspects of divine truth.
- Early 20th Century: The migration of Albanian Muslims and South Asian Sufis, such as Hazrat Inayat Khan, marked the introduction of Sufi practices to North America.
- Mid 20th Century: Sufi masters from Turkey, Iran, and the Arab world began to establish orders and centers.
- Late 20th Century: Sufism gained wider prevalence through public figures and scholars emphasizing interfaith dialogues and cultural exchange.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
While traditional Sufi practices have maintained some core spiritual aspects, American Sufism exhibits unique characteristics reflective of broader American spiritual culture:
- Interfaith Syncretism: American Sufi groups often engage in interfaith dialogue and incorporate Western spiritual philosophies.
- Adaptive Practices: Practices such as the whirling Sama of the Mawlawi (Mevlevi) or the musical gatherings have been adapted to fit American perceptions.
Synonyms
- Islamic Mysticism
- Tasawwuf
- Islamic Esotericism
Antonyms
- Secularism
- Materialism
Related Terms
- Dhikr (ذِكْر): A form of devotional acts in Islam in which phrases and prayers are repeatedly recited.
- Sama (سماع): Spiritual concert or musical practice associated with the whirling dervishes.
Exciting Facts
- The Mawlawi order’s whirling dervishes have performed in major cultural hubs across America, bringing Rumi’s poetry to a broad audience.
- Sufi music festivals have become significant cultural events, drawing diverse participants beyond the Muslim community.
Quotations
Jalal al-Din Rumi: “Your task is not to seek for love, but merely to seek and find all the barriers within yourself that you have built against it.”
Suggested Literature
- “The Heart of Sufism: Essential Writings” by H. Inayat Khan
- “Rumi: The Big Red Book” by Coleman Barks
- “Sufis in Western Society” edited by David Westerlund
Inspirational Thought
“Sufi hearts transcend borders and lay carpets of unity woven through love and peace.”
Kindly remain spiritually awakened and curious!
Dr. Miriam El-Sufi
