Taqlid: Definition and Meaning
Taqlid (ุชูููุฏ) is a term rooted in Islamic jurisprudence that denotes imitation or conformity to established legal doctrines, precedents, and traditional behaviors. It is often juxtaposed with ijtihad (ุงุฌุชูุงุฏ), which signifies independent reasoning based on revelation and comprehensive analysis of the sources: the Qurโan and Sunnah.
Etymology: The term taqlid is derived from the Arabic root “ู-ู-ุฏ” (q-l-d), which generally means to imitate or follow. The idiomatic expression evolved primarily through legal and religious discourse.
Historical Background: The practice of taqlid ascended during the classical period of Islamic civilization when various schools of thought (madhahib) were formalized. After the formative years of Islamic law, it became increasingly prevalent for judges (qadis) and scholars to adhere strictly to the interpretations established by the prominent jurists of their respective schools.
Cultural Paradox: While traditionalists argue that taqlid ensures the preservation of doctrinal purity and continuity, reformers critique this practice, alleging that it stagnates intellectual and cultural dynamism. This contention gained momentum in the 19th and 20th centuries as both fundamentalist and modernist movements sought to reinvigorate Islamic thought.
Synonyms:
- Conformity
- Adherence
- Traditionalism
Antonyms:
- Ijtihad
- Innovation
- Analytical Reasoning
Related Terms:
- Ijtihad: Independent reasoning in Islamic law, the opposite of taqlid.
- Madhhab: A school of thought in Islamic jurisprudence.
- Fiqh: Islamic jurisprudence, concerning understanding and application of Sharia.
- Mufti: An Islamic scholar who is authorized to issue legal opinions or fatwas.
- Fatwa: A ruling given by a recognized religious authority on a point of Islamic law.
Exciting Facts:
- Taqlid is debated as either a facilitator of unity, by creating a cohesive interpretation framework, or as a deterrent to progress and reform.
- The Ottoman Sultans often implemented taqlid principles within their judicial system to maintain a unified legal structure across vast, culturally diverse regions.
Quotations:
- “Blind obedience to what our forefathers followed is deprecated, though adherence to valuable insights is esteemed.” โ Professor Hashim Ali, noted Islamic historian.
Further Reading:
- “Islamic Legal Reasoning: The Impact of Ijtihad and Taqlid” by Fadel Ahmad.
- “Tradition and Modernity in Islamic Thought” by Amina Hanif.
- “Islamic Law: Beliefs and Practices” by Mansur Khaled.
Inspirational Quote: “Understanding is not mere mimicry; grasp the essence, interrogate and innovate.” โ Rahman Al-Shariqi
Farewell Thought: Exploration within tradition and innovation paves the path towards enlightenment. Keep questioning, keep learning.
