Definition and Meaning
Tashahhud (ุชุดููุฏ) is an integral part of the Islamic prayer (Salah), recited in the sitting position (Jalsa) in both the second and final units of the prayer. It includes the declaration of faith, where the worshiper testifies, “There is no god but God, He has no partner; Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.” The index finger of the right hand is often raised to emphasize the oneness of God.
Etymology
The term Tashahhud comes from the Arabic root “ุด-ูู-ุฏ” (sh-h-d), meaning “to witness” or “to testify.” This etymology reflects its purpose as a testimony of the worshiperโs faith.
Background
Tashahhud is recited after the second prostration of the second unit (Rak’ah) of the prayer. It consists of several phrases and includes praises to God, salutations to the Prophet Muhammad, and ultimately concludes with the prayer’s terminal benediction for peace.
Historical Context
The practice of reciting Tashahhud has been a part of Islamic prayer since the time of Prophet Muhammad (7th century CE). It is mentioned in various Hadiths and has been traditionally regarded as a crucial element consolidating and asserting the Muslimโs belief.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
- Sunni Muslims: Recite the Tashahhud in its entirety during each specified position in the prayer.
- Shia Muslims: While there are minor variations in wording, the core testimony remains the same.
Synonyms
- Attestation of Faith
- Testimony of Faith
Antonyms
- Kufr (Disbelief)
- Shirk (Polytheism)
Related Terms
- Shahadah: The foundational statement of Islamic belief, declared by Muslims to affirm their faith.
- Definition: The declaration “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”.
Exciting Facts
- The raising of the index finger during Tashahhud symbolizes the oneness of God.
- It is believed that this practice fosters concentration and devotion during the prayer.
Quotations
“The Tashahhud is a testimonial declaration absorbing the soul entirely in the monotheistic reality of Islam.” โ Rumi
References & Suggested Literature
- The Book of Hadith: Narrations and sayings of Prophet Muhammad about practices in prayer.
- Al-Salat: The Guide to Prayers in Islam: A comprehensive guide on the procedures and etiquettes of Salah.
- Nahj al-Balagha: Contains sermons and letters of Ali Ibn Abi Talib that articulate many finer details of Islamic worship.
May your journey through understanding deepen not just your knowledge, but your connection to your faith. Expand your horizons, question, ponder, and always seek the divine wisdom that guides us all.
โ Hasan Ibn Abdur-Rahman, October 3, 2023
