Definition and Significance
Etymology and Meaning
The term ḤUKM (حكم), with its plural form aḥkām, originates from the root verb ḥakama (حكم) which encompasses meanings related to “judgment”, “rule”, “command”, or “verdict”. Therefore, ḤUKM is used to signify a comprehensive range of judgments and edicts, whether they stem from divine origin, the pronouncements of prophets, or rulings of judicial authorities.
Quranic Usage
In the Qur’an, ḤUKM presents multidimensional interpretations based on context:
- Sūrah Al-Baqarah 2:213: “Mankind was [of] one religion [before their deviation]; then God sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners and sent down with them the Scripture in truth to judge between the people concerning that in which they differed.”
- Sūrah ʿĀl ʿImrān 3:73: This example underscores the application of divine wisdom and judgment not just in legal or prophetic pronouncements, but in the broader spectrum of human ethical and spiritual enrichment.
Jurisprudence Context
In Islamic jurisprudence, ḤUKM takes the specific connotation of al-ḥukmu ‘sh-Sharʿī (الحكم الشرعي), which refers to the injunctive ruling of Islamic Law applicable to a mature, legally accountable Muslim. This intricate system of commands and prohibitions forms what is known as the Shariah.
Cultural Dimensions and Interpretations
Synonyms and Antonyms
- Synonyms: Hidayat (Guidance), Shara’a (Legislation), Qadiyya (Verdict)
- Antonyms: Faḥsha’ (Wickedness), Munākasha (Dispute)
Related Terms
- Fatwa (فتوى): A ruling or decree issued by an Islamic scholar.
- Qada (قضاء): An adjudication or legal decision in a court.
- Ijma (إجماع): Consensus of scholars on a specific issue within Islamic law.
Exciting Facts
- Quranic Versatility: The Qur’an encompasses
ḤUKMthroughout various Surahs, illustrating the adaptability and comprehensive span of Islamic judgment. - Integration in Shariah: Islamic scholars have systematized various types of
ḤUKMinto a cohesive legal framework called Shariah.
Quotations from Notable Islamic Scholars
- Ibn Al-Qayyim: “When ḤUKM is rejected, the essence of Islam fades because Allah commands justice and judgment— the cornerstone of ethical and societal structure.”
References and Suggested Literature
- Qur’an Translation: Any classical respected translation (Yusuf Ali, Saheeh International)
- Islamic Jurisprudence: “The Reliance of the Traveller” by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri.
- Fundamentals of Islamic Jurisprudence: “Usul al-Fiqh” (“Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence”) by Mohammad Hashim Kamali.
Thought-Provoking Quizzes
Inspirational Thought
In understanding ḤUKM, we grasp that justice, judgment, and divine commands are integral to fabricating the ethical fabric of Islamic life. It highlights the allegiance to a higher order and enlightened responsibility.
Farewell: Embark upon the wisdom found in divine judgments, for they are lanterns guiding the soul through the corridors of life.
