The Vigil of ʿArafah (عرفة)
Definition
The Vigil of ʿArafah (عرفة), also known simply as ʿArafah, is a spiritually significant Islamic observance. It takes place on the 9th day of Dhu’l-Hijjah, the final month of the Islamic lunar calendar, immediately preceding the ʿIdu ʾl-Aẓḥā (Feast of Sacrifice) and is a pivotal part of the Hajj pilgrimage.
Etymology
The term ʿArafah (عرفة) originates from the Arabic root ʿ-R-F, which conveys meanings related to “knowledge” or “recognition.” The name refers to Mount Arafat, located outside Mecca, where it is believed Prophet Muhammad delivered his Farewell Sermon. The vigil at Mount Arafat is a time for reflection, supplication, and seeking forgiveness.
Background and Significance
The day of ʿArafah holds profound religious significance as it commemorates the farewell address by Prophet Muhammad, where he outlined essential messages of unity, equality, and rights. Pilgrims gather at the plain of Arafat to perform prayers and seek divine mercy. It symbolizes a day of forgiveness and marks a high point during the Hajj pilgrimage.
The Hajj Context
The day of ʿArafah is the climax of the Hajj pilgrimage. Pilgrims spend the entire day in worship, making duʿāʾ (supplication), and seeking forgiveness from Allah. Standing at Arafat from noon until sunset is considered pivotal, and missing this fundamental piece nullifies the Hajj.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
In Islamic Practice:
- Sunni Muslims meticulously observe the vigil at Arafat.
- In Shia Islam, while the vigil is regarded, the exact customs can differ, but the reverence for the day remains the same.
Across Cultures:
Different Muslim-majority countries express their commitment to ʿArafah slightly differently; while the core practices remain universally consistent, the communal and individual supplications may have unique local flavors.
Synonyms
- Day of Arafat
- Vigil of Arafat
- Stand of Arafat
Antonyms
- Normal Days
- Non-fasting Day
Related Terms
- Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca that entails standing at Arafat.
- ʿIdu ʾl-Aẓḥā: The Festival of Sacrifice following ʿArafah.
- Duʿāʾ: Supplication to God.
- Tawaf: The act of circling the Kaaba as part of the Hajj rites.
Exciting Facts
- Fasting on the day of ʿArafah is considered highly meritorious for those not performing the Hajj, promising forgiveness of sins for the preceding and following year.
- The mount of Arafat is also referred to as the ‘Mount of Mercy.’
- The act of standing at Arafat is termed as “Wuquf.”
Quotation
“The day of Arafat is a day whereupon one who sincerely takes advantage and utilizes the mercy of God is granted exemption from the Hellfire and embracing the tranquillity promised by Allah.” - Al-Ghazali
References and Suggested Literature
- “The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam” by F.E. Peters.
- “The Noble Life of the Prophet” by Dr. Ali Muhammad as-Sallaabee.
- “Islamic Pilgrimage” by Richard C. Martin.
Farewell Thought
May the observance of ʿArafah enlighten your soul with wisdom and fill your path with unending mercy. Each standing pilgrim at Arafat is a reminder of our perpetual quest for proximity to the Divine.
Take inspiration from the profound rituals and timeless legacy that shape the day of ʿArafah, an ultimate journey of devotion deeply embedded in the Islamic faith.
— Zaynab Al-Hashimi, 2023-10-03
