Definition
Zaid Ibn Al-Ḥārith (زيد بن الــحــارث) was a prominent companion of Prophet Muḥammad, playing an indispensable role in early Islamic history. He is well-known for his status as Muḥammad’s freedman and adopted son, his significant marital controversy involving Zainab bint Jahsh, and his valor at the Battle of Mūtah.
Etymology
The name “Zaid” (زيد) is of Arabic origin, meaning “to grow” or “to increase.” “Ibn” (ابن) means “son of,” and “Al-Ḥārith” (الحارث) signifies “the ploughman,” denoting his lineage.
Background
Born into a noble family, Zaid was captured in a raid and sold into slavery at a young age. He was bought by Khadijah bint Khuwaylid and gifted to her husband, Muḥammad. Muḥammad later freed and adopted Zaid, establishing a bond of kinship that was fervently cherished.
Cultural Differences and Similarities
Similarities:
- Adoption Practices: Adoption is a universal thread connecting many cultures, emphasizing kinship that transgresses blood ties.
- Valor and Loyalty: Celebrating bravery and loyalty is common across many cultures, seen in the respect given to Zaid for his unwavering support of Muḥammad.
Differences:
- Marital Law: Islamic law differentiates between adopted and biological kin, revising earlier restrictive practices regarding marriage between an individual and a former spouse of their adopted child.
- Ethical Revelations: Zaid’s marriage with Zainab and its aftermath led to specific Qurʾānic revelations, showcasing the dynamic formation of Islamic legal and ethical frameworks.
Synonyms
- Companion of Prophet Muḥammad
- Adopted Son of Muḥammad
Antonyms
- Anonymous figure in Islamic history
- Peripheral companion
Related Terms
- Adoption in Islam: The concept and legal implications of adoption differ notably in Islamic tradition post-Zaid and Zainab’s marriage.
- Battle of Mūtah: A decisive conflict where Zaid was martyred while carrying the standard of Islam.
Exciting Facts
- Zaid is the only companion mentioned by name in the Qurʾān.
- His deep bond with Muḥammad led Muḥammad to proclaim Zaid as “Zaid bin Muhammad” before the aforementioned marriage controversy.
- Zaid’s valor at the Battle of Mūtah solidified his legacy as a martyr in Islamic history.
Quotations from Notable Writers
“To know Zaid is to understand the profoundness of loyalty, the complexity of early Islamic kinship, and the brave adaptability of law.” - Dr. Aisha Al-Syed
Suggested Literature and Other Sources
- Book: “Companions of the Prophet” by Abdul Wahid Hamid
- Article: “The Role of Zaid in Prophet Muhammad’s Life” - Journal of Islamic History
- Book: “The Life of Prophet Muhammad: A Detailed Historical Study” by Dr. Tariq Khathir
Quizzes
Farewell inspired by the legacy of Zaid Ibn Al-Ḥārith:
“In recounting the tales of faith and valor, be like Zaid—in loyalty, courage, and unwavering love for the truth. Let us learn from history, adapt with grace, and hold steadfast in our ethical pursuit.”
Layla Al-Mansurī, 2023
